What was done
A series of experiments in which people performed a short, arbitrary but fixed sequence of actions before singing in public or solving maths under pressure. Those who did the ritual reported less anxiety, showed lower heart rates, and performed better than those who simply waited or did random actions.
What it does not show
The rituals studied were minutes long and the tasks were artificial. It shows why doing the same steps the same way matters. It is not a study of skin, or of any preparation.
Brooks, Schroeder, Risen, Gino, Galinsky, Norton and Schweitzer (2016). Don’t stop believing: rituals improve performance by decreasing anxiety. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.